A Research Study Of Sodium - 922 Words

On the 4th of July 2015, Matt Stone won Nathan s Coney Island hot dog eating contest by eating 62 hot dogs and buns n 10 minutes. Those 34 hotdogs (not counting the buns) contained 25,358 mg of sodium. How many g of sodium did he eat? How many ng of sodium did he eat? (4) He consumed 25.358 g or 25358000000. ng of sodium.†¨ Starting with a change in the DNA in a cell, explain in detail how a change in a single nucleotide in the DNA can cause a drastic change in the final protein. Assume you are working with a quaternary stage protein. (12) A change in a nucleotide within the DNA, called a base substitution, causes mutations to occur in protein production through the alteration of a single codon. These mutations are divided up into three different subcategories. The first of which is called a missense mutation resulting in the wrong amino acid being placed into a protein molecule. This type of mutation in a quaternary stage protein such as insulin would change the way that the insulin utilizes glucose within the body and may lead to a form of diabetes. Secondly, there is the nonsense mutation in which the changed codon terminates synthesis of the protein. This mutation would result in a deficit of the protein due to it’s no longer being produced and would cause either a change or lack of functio n within a quaternary stage protein. The last mutation causes no disruption to the protein. The silent mutation of an altered codon does notShow MoreRelatedEssay on A Research and Self-Reflection on Peanut Butter962 Words   |  4 Pages Self-Reflection Summary The reason I chose this particular area of research is that peanut butter is an extremely popular food choice worldwide as it is affordable and nutritious; and I also love to eat it. 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Transformational Leader Profile Free Essays

Transformational leadership is a topic of immense interest these days.   Many individuals possess the makings of a transformational leader but do not know exactly what it means, or how to realize their own ambitions in order to change human lives.   In this sense, observing able leaders with proven leadership abilities is an excellent resource for inspiration. We will write a custom essay sample on Transformational Leader Profile or any similar topic only for you Order Now    For example, American TV host and celebrity leader, Oprah Winfrey presents one of the most remarkable personalities in the American media.   Her path has not been easy, but thanks to her skills and leadership potential she has exerted influence on the lives of many people. What Is Transformational Leadership The concept of transformational leadership evolved in juxtaposition with that of transactional leadership.   In The Model of Transactional and Transformational Leaders (1978), a transactional leader is defined as one who, â€Å"approaches followers with an eye to exchanging one thing for another: jobs for votes, or subsidies for campaign contributions† (Burns, 1978).   From this statement we learn that the role of the transactional leader derives itself from the types of structures that an individual participates in. In contrast, a transformational leader, â€Å"recognizes and exploits an existing need or demand of a potential follower†¦(and) looks for potential motives in followers, seeks to satisfy higher needs, and engages the full person of the follower† (Boje, 2000).   Transformational leaders can range from being intellectual, to heroic; even normal everyday individuals with a dream and the will to make it come true as well. In most cases, transformational leaders tend to radically change the viewpoints of the societies they live in.   A transformational leader possesses the capabilities and desire to develop a vision and inspire other people to follow it.   As a result, a profound cultural change occurs that reshapes the existence of many people impacted by their leader’s actions. Oprah Winfrey as a Transformational Leader Oprah Winfrey has become a remarkable personality in the media, acting in many various spheres.   She is not only a TV host: she also poses as, â€Å"magazine founder, educator and philanthropist† and â€Å"one of the most respected and admired public figures today† (Harpo Productions, Inc., 2006).   Starting from humble beginnings, Oprah succeeded in becoming one of the best-known American celebrities of modern television. She exerts dramatic impact on the lives of people in this country and those living beyond its boundaries. At the time Oprah Winfrey started her career on TV, she was the first African American woman â€Å"to anchor the news at Nashville’s WTVF-TV† (Harpo Productions, Inc., 2006).   As her online website produced by Harpo Inc. tells us, she obtained this job after she gained experience at WVOL radio in Nashville, Tennessee. After a succession of jobs, Oprah was appointed to lead her first talk show, AM Chicago, broadcast in the morning.   Surprisingly to many, with her talent, Oprah soon eclipsed the revered Phil Donahue as her show became even more popular than his. (Harpo Productions, Inc., 2006)., Oprah found luck in the television world, as television viewers soon fell in love with her personality and motivating shows. Even the politics of the broadcasting networks could not deny her popularity. Since then her success has been driven by her ability to impress people with her talents. Oprah’s transformational leadership comes from her success in refashioning herself and overcoming her traumatic past. Kyra Kirkwood (2005), tells us in her, Business Hero: Oprah, article that the television star was born on Jan. 29, 1954 in Kosciusko, Mississippi. During her childhood Oprah suffered from physical and mental abuse when living with her mother.   The unhappy relationship between herself and her mother caused young Oprah to run away from home at the age of thirteen.   She left her mother to go on to Nashville, â€Å"to live with her ultra-strict father† (Kirkwood, 2005). Many would have remained troubled for a lifetime by an unfortunate experience of this magnitude.   However, Oprah’s inner strength allowed her to cope with it.   Moreover, as a true transformational leader, she shares her experience with others in order to help them take hold of their lives.   Her words console many women who try to cope with the social models of submissive behavior. Although derogatory and unwanted, society continues to mold women into these confusing roles.   Oprah, as stated by Kirkwood (2005), remembered in her adult life the following things about her childhood victimization: . . . one knows part of the process for me as an adult has been recognizing that my inability as an adult female to say ‘No,’ my disease to please as a female, is the same thing that caused me to be victimized as a child.   Many times, I would get myself into situations as an adult where I did not want to hurt anybody’s feelings or want anybody angry with me. (Oprah, as quoted by Kirkwood, 2005). Transformational leadership surfaces in the statement as testament that Oprah is able to recognize the root cause of her problem and rise above conventional wisdom that she has learned from her environment.   As a leader, she takes applies her wisdom and offers the knowledge from the lessons she has learned to help others. She develops a more general vision of women’s predicaments and the resulting psychology, and makes her vision known to the public. She encourages people to give voice to their emotions when they get abused, â€Å"You tell everybody until somebody listens to you† (Kirkwood, 2005).   In this way Oprah emerges as a leader who, through her success story, transforms the lives of many women. She continues showing viewers the path of success she had to travel from a gloomy and stressful beginning. Oprah Teaching Leadership One project in which Oprah directly commits to spreading knowledge of how to be a female leader is through her participation in, and founding of, the Oprah Winfrey Leadership Academy for Girls-South Africa.   The Academy founded in cooperation with Nelson Mandela, the South African Ministry of Education Professor Kader Asmal and Guateng MEC of Education Ignatius Jacobs, is to become the basis for women’s leadership in South Africa   (Harpo Productions, Inc., 2006).   There girls can learn to make a contribution to their environment in order and take advantage of their inborn talents. With this project, Oprah makes a commitment to change the lives of girls, hoping to empower them with knowledge and skills they may otherwise have left undeveloped.   Students of the school take a stand against the male-dominated world saying that the biased social setup is to end soon and that women are â€Å"prepared to share power† (Harpo Productions, Inc., 2006). Oprah’s project intends to teach students how to share power effectively.   With this effort, she demonstrates the true transformational quality that is going to affect the lives of the girls in the remote parts of the world. The goal revolves around taking them out of their habitual roles and teaching them to add a new dimension to their lives.   Although the girls may not seen Oprah that often, they will undoubtedly be inspired by meetings with her. Having her for a role model, and continuously following her example will impressively affect their lives. Influencing the Lives of People Oprah’s reach goes far beyond the lives of a group of girls in South Africa.   Hosting an influential show in a nation as large as the United States, her words are heard by millions of viewers each day.   What sets her apart from other talk show hosts and makes her a transformational leader is that people do not just listen to her words for entertainment; they often take them as a guide to action, a powerful guide that motivates many good deeds. In her show in 1997, she â€Å"encouraged viewers to use their lives to make a difference in the lives of others, which led to the creation of the public charity Oprah’s Angel Network in 1998† (Harpo Productions, Inc., 2006).   So far the organization has been responsible for the collection of over $50 million that was utilized for the construction of shelters and homes. These structures now house women and youth all around the world.   Activities such as this have helped change the lives of many people who have been blessed with the charity funds. Perhaps even more important was Oprah’s influence on those who moved forward to help the cause when she appealed to the public.   People who otherwise did not give thought to charity as a way to help others now became active donors of the network, helping others reach their goals and improve quality of life.   This action represents a very good use of the TV show as a way to change people’s mentality for the better. Consequently, new horizons opened to them for moral development instead of just another television program entertaining them with stories. In fact, this is the main strength of Oprah’s show.   She likes to present her viewers with a story that is not merely entertaining but also has a deep moral message or presents a challenge.   The ensuing debate can become a trigger to many, spurring them to re-evaluate their opinions and reconsider views. In doing so, Oprah does not act as a boring moralizer; she presents herself as the same down-to-earth, sympathetic woman she was in her first days on TV.   Awards and financial success have not made her lose her head or become arrogant.   In fact, her spiritual closeness and understanding of the people she addresses in her show makes her message both powerful and penetrating.   Analyzing her leadership ability, one can say that she possesses superior communication skills that make her ideas appealing to a wide variety of people. Oprah takes every opportunity to reach the hearts and minds of people.   Thanks to her appeal to the audience, her productions in almost every environment soon become popular.   For example, her publication called Oprah’s Magazine currently is one of the most popular women’s publications with an audience of 2.4 million readers a month (Harpo Productions, Inc., 2006). When she launched Oprah.com website on women’s lifestyle, it also gained popularity. It now reports to average 64 million page views and more than three million users per month, plus receives approximately 12,000-15,000 emails each week.   She is also the creator of Dr. Phil syndicated show with Harpo Productions, Inc., co-founder of Oxygen Media cable television network, founder of Oprah and Friends radio channel on XM Satellite Radio, and producer of the musical Color Purple that was launched in 2005 in Broadway Theater in New York City (Harpo Productions, Inc., 2006). This broad variety of activities demonstrates Oprah’s multi-faceted talents and interest in affecting people’s lives in many different ways using various means available. Oprah’s Influence on My Personal Leadership Style I believe that Oprah’s impact was instrumental in helping me shape my personal leadership style.   Her ability to be appealing without appearing pompous and pretentious is something I try to imitate when developing my personal communication skills.   I think well developed presentation and communication skills are the key to successful leadership, and Oprah Winfrey is an excellent model of both.   Maintaining an unassuming and emotional style, she can address her audience on serious issues, and I think it would be excellent to learn this skill as well. My life was also affected by observing Oprah taking responsibility for other people’s destinies, as in the case of the academy she founded for South African girls.   I agree with her idea that when one sees thing’s being far from perfect, one should learn to say â€Å"No† and take some positive action to remedy it.   In this sense, I am trying to follow Oprah’s socially active position on things. At the same time, I also find her leadership attractive because she perceives people with her heart just as much as with her mind.   In my view, this is the most effective path to transformational leadership. It includes giving people emotional support and warmth and trying to help them become more secure emotionally.   Oprah’s kindness and caring attitude are among her strongest qualities as a leader, and these I would like to emulate. Oprah Winfrey is the kind of person who realized her potential in the face of adverse circumstances.   Her talent put her in public spotlight, making her a leader with power to transform the lives of millions.   She used her clout with the public very wisely and responsibly, inspiring many to reconsider their lives and empowering them to do good to other people.   This, in my opinion, makes her a truly transformational leader whose achievements are to be admired. References Bass, B. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectation. New York: Free  Press. Boje, D. (2000).   Transformational Leadership.   Retrieved on June 6, 2006, from Harpo Productions, Inc., (2006).   Oprah Winfrey’s Biography. Retrieved on June 6, 2006 from http://www.oprah.com/about/press/about_press_bio.jhtml Kirkwood, K. (2005) Business Hero: Oprah. The My Hero Project. Retrieved on June 6, 2006 from http://myhero.com/myhero/hero.asp?hero=oprahhero ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; How to cite Transformational Leader Profile, Essay examples

Operation and supply management

Question: Describe about theOperation and supply management?. Answer: Introduction This paper describes the various aspects of the Target Corporation. The objective is to evaluate the depth analysis of the Target Corporation. It enables to determine the operations, strategy for outsourced its manufacturing product and positioning the Target Corporation. This paper successfully spelled out the product or service layout, capacity planning, outsourced manufacturing operation and positioning strategy. Indeed, the Target Corporation is retail organization in the United States. It established by the George Dayton and its headquarter located in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The company operates throughout the United States by their retail format includes the hypermarket Super Target, flexible format and discount store and TargetExpress before consolidated under the Target branding. (Stephenkahle, 2012). Operations: Operation management is related to the designing and controlling the process of production and redesigning business operations in the production of goods and services. Beauty, food, furniture, an electronic, bedding, clothing, health products, housewares, gardening supplier, jewelry, shoes, sports equipment and pet supplier are the significant product of the Target Corporation. It has several private label brands including Circo, Pantry, Embark, Market Merona, and Trutech. It is the significant part of the organization that helps to achieve the Target objective or goals. Product features and price attract the new customer that would raise the sales of it. Product design should be an appropriate as per consumer demand and needs. Target will develop creative concepts, big ideas and technical designs that help to achieve Target product strategy as well as quality and financial goals. Target is seeking for creative, passionate and committed individuals who create innovation t o join the Target product design and controlling teams. Target should create profitable and exclusive product to create in the market that would be beneficial for the organization growth and development. The Target started the designer partnership to bring well known designer strategy in retail stores. Target did the partnership with designer Michael Graves that would helpful for the organization growth and development. (Pratt, Kulsrud, 2013). Strategy for outsourced its manufacturing products: Outsource means the contracting out of the business process to another party. Target started expanding its business nationwide in the 1980s and launch new store format under the Target brand in the 1990s. It operates in the United States through its retail formats involves the hypermarket SuperTarget, flexible format, discount store and TargetExpress before being consolidated under the Target branding. These are the three format strategy for outsource its manufacturing operation that is described below: Target: It started its first discount store in the Roseville, Minnesota in 1962. Target Corporation concentrates on customizing each new store to ensure a local relevant experience. Its launched the PFresh store in 2009 that expanded its grocery business in the United States. It sells general merchandise involving softlines and hardline. Several locations include Target Pharmacy, Target Photo and Target Optical departments. The organization tool decision to close its garden centers for PFresh expansion and larger seasonal departments in 2010. (Bryer, Lebson, Asbell, 2011). Super Target: The Super Target hypermarket started in Omaha, Nebraska in 1995 that expanded Target Greatland concept with involvement of a full grocery department. Its competitors such as the Walmart Supercenter hypermarket operates a grocery sell merchandise that help to produce more quality product in the market. Target Greatland started in Apple Valley, Minnesota in 1990. It was around fifty percent larger than the traditional target store that attract new youth customer and it will raise the sale of the Target Corporation. So, the Target Corporation adopted this strategy to outsourced its manufacturing operations. It is the significant strategy that helpful when Target outsourced the manufacturing operations. Without adoption of the Super Target it would be hard to survive in the current competitive market. (Giannoccaro, 2013). Flexible Fomat Target: The flexible format the City Target stores are around 80,000 square feet. The first stores started in 2012. The TargetExpress store opened in Dinkytown in 2014 that expanded in the 14000 square feet. This format target strategy is helpful for the Target Corporation outsourced operation because it raises the sales of it that would be beneficial for the organization growth and development in the long-term perspective. (Bryer, Lebson, Asbell, 2011). Positioning: Positioning is the consumer retail market as clean that offer high quality product or service in the low price. Target customer believes that they come to Target retail store to get the money worth as well as enjoying their shopping experience. Positioning of the Target Corporation is created through product, price, place and promotion that is described below: Products: Target provides a variety of the products to their customers such as womens, baby equipment, furniture, toys, bath bedding suppliers, clothing, food, luggage, gifts, pet suppliers, jewelry accessories, automotive accessories and office supplier. It offers various services such as target photo, optical, health clinics, food avenue restaurants, portrait studios, club wedd registry and pharmacy. It has several private label brands including the Circo, Embark, Market Pantry, Archer Farms, Merona, and Trutech. The product helps to explain the utility of the positioning in the market. It is the significant part of the organization that helps to achieve the Target objective or goals. (Anderson, Vincze, 2016). Price: Price plays the significant role to determine the positioning in the Target Corporation. Target offers discount price products or service with quality. They know the competition level of the market that can price their product or service accordingly. A customer wants to buy more product or service and pay the least amount for it. They are famous for their designer items such as beauty product, clothes and categorized functional goods. It also sells great number of gift cards as compared to its competitor business. Price determine the positioning of the Target that would be beneficial for the growth and development. (Stephenkahle, 2012). Place: Place plays the significant role in the positioning strategy that how Target is able to distribute its products to the customers. Target has around 26 regional distribution centers that helps to raise the sales of it. It has one distribution center that is known as Target.com Distribution Center. Target product or services are sold to consumers by target store. Target products are shipped via Fex EX or the USPS and UPS. It offers one day, two days and standard shipping options to their customers that would attract more consumer because people dont have a proper time to buy a product from retail counter. So, this distribution strategy would be beneficial for the organization growth and development. They sold their product in United States with different format that raise the sale of it that affected the positioning the market. (Bryer, Lebson, Asbell, 2011). Promotion: Promotion evaluates the positioning condition of the Target, It raises the broaden market coverage, enhance consumer support and increase product sales. Previous year Target spends around $1170 million in promotion strategy. Its weekly promotion purpose advertisement also posted on the Internet for viewing. They should expand their mailing promotion to get more customers that would raise the sales of it. The partnership with Amazon and AOL is good opportunity in expanding the promotion of the Target. Advertising, person selling, and public relations are the significant way to promote the Target product or services. (Anderson, Vincze, 2016). Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be concluded that clear the operations, outsourced the manufacturing products and positioning strategy as well as high ability to adopt the new approach in the Target Corporation helps to maintain its competitive position in the worldwide market. Target becomes one of the fast growing company in nationwide due to its unique operations, outsourcing and positioning strategy in the market. References Anderson, Vincze, (2016). Strategic Marketing (2Nd Ed.). USA: Dreamtech Press. Bryer, L., G., Lebson, S., J., Asbell, M., D., (2011). Intellectual Property Operations and Implementation in the 21st Century Corporation. USA: John Wiley Sons. Cartano, D., J., (2009). Federal and State Taxation of Limited Liability Companies (2009). USA: CCH. Giannoccaro, I., (2013). Behavioral Issues in Operations Management: New Trends in Design, Management, and Methodologies. USA: Springer Science Business Media. McKinley, M., (2012). Marketing Alignment: Breakthrough Strategies for Growth and Profitability. USA: Wheatmark, Inc., Pratt, J., Kulsrud, W., (2013). Corporate, Partnership, Estate and Gift Taxation 2013. USA: Cengage Learning. Stephenkahle, (2012). Target Corporation Strategic Marketing Plan. Retrieved from: https://zenportfolios.ca/stephenkahle/project_showcase/target-corporation-strategic-marketing-plan/ Stickney, C., P., Weil, R., L., Schipper, K., Francis, J., (2009). Financial Accounting: An Introduction to Concepts, Methods and Uses. USA: Cengage Learning. Valentin, E., K., (2014). Business Planning and Market Strategy. USA: SAGE Publications Inc.

Media Production Log Essay Example

Media Production Log Essay In this area I will research and looking for certain information about the magazine covers which am I choosing to work in the main task in media studies. By the end of the lesson in media studies, I will deciding the brief about what task I doing in media, so I choose to do PRINT task because its easy to do and also my brother doing this brief task so maybe my brother also influence me to do this task. When I research in internet search engine (www. google. com) I research about the magazine front cover, then I found a website which is all about explaining the semiotics (means study of sign and symbols) in teenage magazine. In this information a found in Google maybe I will read this information because this will be helpful to me to do my task about the magazine In the task is music magazine cover because I have some knowledge on how to make a music magazine, because when I was doing a media studies in last year (2007) I choose also magazine cover. So in this brief task I doing is I have idea and techniques to do this task and also music is one of my favourite hobbies. 03/06/09 Research and find information and pictures in making a music magazine cover. Computer (Internet) Magazine. We will write a custom essay sample on Media Production Log specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Media Production Log specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Media Production Log specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Library (Library is really good source of information to find good research about this task made in media. I found lots of information on the magazine covers, which is in internet. The magazine and the library means also my resources to help me to create my own magazine cover. In these sources I found some ideas on creating my own music magazine cover. This kind of source which is the best guidelines to search for making magazine cover because I see beautiful pictures, and found some techniques on how to build my own magazine cover, and other information related in magazine. Maybe I will barrow a camera from the head teacher Mr. Baptiste to take a picture to my task in magazine cover so that I will provide a good practical work in my work. I will use my old work in magazine cover in last year so I will use as a guidelines to make better marks. In this day I forget to borrowing camera to Mr. Baptiste which is to taking pictures. But the good thing is we have a camera at home so that I have a chance to take my own pictures of making a music magazine 03/07/09 03/08/09 (Week end) In this 2 days day off of school, I will used my time to find a good suitable pictures for my magazine cover, and more information of magazine task The sources I needed is Camera which is taking pictures, Internet which I search some suitable information and guidelines In these two days off in school, I will must find my pictures on my own music magazine cover, and other pictures which are include for making my own music magazine cover. This two days day off in school, the obstruction to not doing my coursework in media is working, which I cannot do my work. And the last thing are playing in computer games and going hangout with my friends. 03/11/09 I will buy a original music magazine in store which is also needed in this course Money Bus pass This day is I go in town centre to buy an original magazine to photo copy the pages of magazine and I analysing the different information using media terminology. I will find other nearly store in my place which is no wasting time and also money. 03/17/09 Working on Production Report of my new music magazine cover Computer Microsoft word 2003 Internet In this day I will work on production report which is the main task of making new music magazine cover. In production report I will work on my brief, planning of production within the magazine cover, my main target audience, constructing the production and evaluation. Maybe I will find different types of sources to improve my coursework in this subject. 03/17/09 Reviewing and checking my own questionnaires about music magazine cover. Computer Microsoft word 2003 In these 2 lessons in media studies, I will change all corrections of my questionnaires within my music magazine cover. Because Mr. Baptiste checking my questionnaires to make sure that the questionnaires about the music magazine is correct. This is important because to make sure that my work is correct and to make high grades/marks of this subject. In this days, I hope that Mr.Baptiste quickly done on photo copying of my questionnaires. So means that I will work on my next level of this work, like giving questionnaires to the people and making questionnaires results. 03/10/09 Explaining and analysing my music magazine which Mr. Baptiste already photocopy the important pages within my magazine. Microsoft word In this day I will explaining my music magazine which I explain the front cover, article pages and the back pages of the magazine, so I explaining the media terminologies which are the denotation / connotation, the semiotics, message values and the masthead on the magazine. I have only 3 lessons on this day so I have a time to do this work. In this free period of my time, I going out in school to find other places that have music magazine and also research some information related in music magazine. 03/23/09 Giving music magazine questionnaires in the public My questionnaires Camera (which taking pictures those people I give questionnaires. I will give my own questionnaires which all about music magazine in the public. Then I will bring camera to take pictures those people that I give questionnaires which means I have evidence that I giving this questionnaires outside in the school. This is important in part of my foundation coursework in media to ensure that I will get good marks in media studies. Because I shown that I will work with my own practical work in ideas on doing this work. I will call Kevin to help me to take pictures those people I giving questionnaires and maybe I will come other places that more walking people, this would help me to answer all questionnaires that I make in music magazine.

Implementation of Business Ethics in the Company essayEssay Writing Service

Implementation of Business Ethics in the Company essayEssay Writing Service Implementation of Business Ethics in the Company essay Implementation of Business Ethics in the Company essayBesides the code of ethics and ethical training, an organization should also implement ethical infrastructure aimed at resolving ethical issues, establishing ethical standards, formulating and sharing corporate values. An important part of this infrastructure is constituted by ethics committees the function of which is supervision of ethical conduct.It is essential to distinguish between company ethics departments and ethics committees (Parraga, 2013): ethics committee is aimed to respond to emerging ethical issues in the company and should be to a reasonable extent independent from major corporate structures. The purpose of this paper is to choose an organization, to investigate whether it uses ethical committees, to examine the format used for committees if there are any and to draft a plan for establishing ethical committees if there are none.The considered company is Walmart Stores Inc. This is a multinational retailer which o perates globally and is the largest worlds employer (Walmart, 2014). Walmart created a Global Ethics Office which is responsible for ethics reporting, ethical education and guiding employees in ethical decision-making. Part of the structure of Walmart ethics office are Compliance and Ethics Committees created for each of international retail markets (Walmart, 2014). The structure of these committees is similar to the structure of Global Compliance and Ethics Committee: both types of committees consist of senior executives and are chaired by the companys compliance and ethics executives (Walmart, 2014). Committee members discuss ethical issues, review progress, plan improvements, assign responsibility and establish accountability (Walmart, 2014).The functions and presence of ethical committees at Walmart are consistent with the requirements of Parraga (2013) to corporate ethics infrastructure, but the position of ethics committees in the companys structure is different. It is not cle ar whether the members of Walmarts ethics committee are elected or appointed, but corporate responsibility report does not mention any election procedure. Furthermore, committees are strongly integrated into the companys structure and therefore lack objectivity and independence. Hence, Walmart should introduce a more independent system of ethics committees where members would be of different origin and would be elected for a particular term. In this case, Walmart will be able to improve its ethical objectivity and quality of ethical decision-making.

Blood Transfusion

The purpose of this module is to teach the clinical RN the basics of blood, how to administer a blood/blood component transfusion safely, and the hazards of transfusion related to blood administration. This module is indicated for teaching purposes based on the fact that the NHS requires at least quarterly review of blood usage, oversight of blood transfusion practices, documentation of blood transfusion errors, and evidence of corrective actions taken. Results of one study found that individuals lack of knowledge and training, along with inadequate policies and procedures, were the key elements in more than 350 blood transfusion-associated deaths (Bower amp; Craig, 1997) What is a Blood Transfusion? A blood transfusion is a safe, common procedure in which blood is given to you through an intravenous (IV) line in one of your blood vessels. Blood is transfused either as whole blood (with all its parts) or, more often, as individual parts. The individual parts include red blood cells, platelets, clotting factors, and plasma. Each year, almost 5 million Americans amp; British need a blood transfusion. While most blood transfusions go well, mild complications can occur and serious problems may develop. The Individual Parts Defined Red Blood Cells -the most numerous blood cell, about 5,000,000 per microliter. Red blood cells make up about 40% of our total blood volume, a measure called the hematocrit. Their color is caused by hemoglobin, which accounts for nearly all of the red cell volume. Hemoglobin is the critical protein that transports oxygen from our lungs to the tissues. Red blood cells are normally shaped as round, biconcave discs. Red Blood Cells Image obtained from http://embryology. med. unsw. edu. au/Notes/heart20. htm) Platelets -the smallest of the three major types of blood cells, are only about 20% of the diameter of red blood cells and the normal platelet count is ~150,000-350,000 per microliter of blood. The principal function of platelets is to prevent bleeding. Platelets (Image obtained from http://ouhsc. edu/platelets/Platelets/platelets%20intro. html) Clotting Factors -proteins in the blood that control bleeding. Plasma -a pale yellow fluid that consists of about 92% water and 8% other substances, such as proteins, ions, nutrients, gases, and waste products. It is a colloidal solution which is a liquid containing suspended substances that do not settle out of solution. Most of the suspended substances are plasma proteins, which include albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen. Plasma volume remains relatively constant. Normally, water intake through the digestive tract closely matches water loss through the kidneys, lungs, digestive tract, and skin. Plasma (which is in the yellow) Image obtained from : http://www. mhhe. com/biosci/esp/2001_saladin/folder_structure/tr/m1/s2/ Brief History of Blood Transfusions 665 The first Blood transfusions of record take place. Animal experiments conducted by Richard Lower, an Oxford physician started as dog-to-dog experiments and proceeded to animal-to-human over the next two years. Dogs were kept alive by the transfusion of Blood from other dogs. 1795 In Philadelphia an American physician, Philip Syng Physick, performed the first known human Blood transfusion, although it was not published. 1818 James Blundell, a British obstetrician, performed the first successful transfusion of human Blood to a patient for the treatment of postpartum hemorrhage. Therefore, a group A individual can receive blood only from individuals of groups A or O (with A being preferable), and can donate blood to individuals with type A or AB. * Group B – has only the B antigen on red cells (and A antibody in the plasma). Therefore, a group B individual can receive blood only from individuals of groups B or O (with B being preferable), and can donate blood to individuals with type B or AB. * Group AB – has both A and B antigens on red cells (but neither A nor B antibody in the plasma). Therefore, an individual with type AB blood can receive blood from any group (with AB being preferable), but can donate blood only to another type AB individual. * Group O – has neither A nor B antigens on red cells (but both A and B antibody are in the plasma). Therefore, a group O individual can receive blood only from a group O individual, but can donate blood to individuals of any ABO blood group (i. e. A, B, O or AB). If anyone needs a blood transfusion in an extremely dire emergency, and if the time taken to process the recipients blood would cause a detrimental delay, O Negative blood can be issued. Blood Administration * Obtain Signed Consent for the administration of blood products * Check the Drs Order * Determine Clients Allergies and previous transfusion reactions (this can be assessed by simply asking the client if they have had a transfusion before and how they tolerated it) * Obtain baseline vitals and then per hospital/institution policy * Utilize #18 gauge needle * Check Crossmatch Record With 2 Nurses: * ABO- Group * RH Type * Clients Name, Date of Birth and Medical Number * Expiration Date * Administer Immediately- do not store the blood or leave it. If for any reason the blood/blood components are not to be hung, blood may be sent back to Blood Bank (check hospital policy and procedure as most institutions require that blood/blood products must be administered within 30 minutes upon receipt) * Do not warm the blood unless there is a risk of hypothermic response- Then Only by specific blood warming equipment * Never add any medications to blood products * Infuse each unit over 3-4 hours but no longer than 4 hours   Transfusion Reactions Occurs in the first 10-15 minutes or first 50 cc of Blood Reactions can be ALLERGIC, FEBRILE, or HEMOLYTIC (Utilize the Acronym AFH for memorization purposes)   ALLERGIC Signs and Symptoms include the following: * Facial flushing * Hives * Rash FEBRILE Signs and Symptoms include the following: * Fever * Chills * Anxiety * Headache * Tachycardia * Tachypnea HEMOLYTIC Signs and Symptoms include the following: * v Blood Pressure * Tachypnea * Fever * Chills * Apprehension * Headache * Tachycardia * Chest Pain or Lower Back Pain Recent Facts amp; Statistics Regarding Transfusions * Hemolytic transfusion reactions occur in 1 per 40,000 transfused units of packed RBCs. Nonhemolytic febrile reactions and minor allergic reactions are the most common transfusion reactions, each occurring in 3-4% of all transfusions. Nonhemolytic febrile reactions and extravascular hemolysis are observed more commonly in patients who have developed antibodies from prior transfusions. * Anaphylactic reactions occur in 1 per 20,000 transfused units. * Due to improved preventative measures, the incidence of GVH disease is less than 0. 15% * Transfusion-related acute lung injury complicates 0. 1-0. 2% of all transfusions. Risk of transfusion-related hepatitis B is 1 per 50,000 units transfused. Risk for hepatitis C is 1 per 3000-4000 units transfused. * Risk of transfusion-related HIV infection is 1 per 150,000 units transfused. (Kardon, 2009) What do you do if you suspect a Transfusion Reaction? STOP the transfusion immediately * Maintain the line with Normal Saline VERIFY patient identification * Hospital armband, Typenex band, and blood bag must be identical NOTIFY the patients physician STAT * Treat the signs per Drs order and Monitor Vitals * If requested by the physician, initiate transfusion reaction work up NOTIFY Blood Bank STAT Check the Policies/Procedures of the facility at which you are employed * You may have to bag the blood component, IV tubing, filters and all labels in a biohazard bag and it may have to be submitted/returned back to the laboratory as further testing of the components may be clinically warranted (It is a standard policy at Maricopa Medical Center that those components are submitted back to the lab as routine Microbiology cultures are performed to ensure the sterility of the blood) * Additional forms may be required to complete (i. . Transfusion Reaction Forms) * Further samples may be collected from the patient (i. e. Urine, blood samples, etc.

What is the heart of Catholicism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

What is the heart of Catholicism - Essay Example For salvation and redemption, people need to gather around the bishop since he is the true descendant of God and, therefore, of Jesus. In Catholicism, this institutional approach to belief and the importance of communion with the Holy See through a religious medium like church or other religious authority are essentially inspired by Biblical evidences and history. One of Jesus’ speeches supports Catholicism’s claim about the importance of a believer’s communion with the religious authority is as following: â€Å"I say to you, something greater than the temple is here† (Barron 24). Indeed in Catholicism, the ideas of ‘temple’ and ‘bishop’ are the representatives of each other. In this regard, Barron says, â€Å"If Jesus is, in his person, the true temple, then he should be the definitive source of teaching, healing and, forgiveness and this is just what the Gospel tells us† (Barron 24). Indeed this very basis of Christ’s persona as the sole source salvation and redemption lies at the heart of Catholicism. Indeed, proper religious authority plays an important role in shaping the rites and rituals of Catholicism. The propriety of religious authority is often determined by sacramental evidences. While the Catholics unanimously believe in the ministration of Christ as the temple of teaching, salvation and redemption, the bishop is believed to be the true spiritual descendant of Christ himself. Therefore a bishop plays a very important role in catholic rites and rituals. For an instance, Catholic dogma asserts that the sacrament of the Lord’s Supper must be administered by certain qualified persons. According to the Roman Catholic Church, â€Å"only a Catholic Priest ordained into the apostolic succession can administered the Eucharist† (Erickson 1122). Erickson further says in this regard, â€Å"If any other person should take the same physical elements and pronounce the same words over them, they would remain bread and